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Carbon isotopic fractionations in the processes of CH 4  emission from paddy field remain poorly understood. The δ 13 C-values of CH 4  in association with production, oxidation and transport of CH 4  in different pools of a paddy field were determined, and the stable carbon isotope fractionations were calibrated to assess relative contribution of acetate to CH 4  production ( f  ac ) and fraction of CH 4  oxidized ( f  ox ) by different pathways. The apparent isotope fractionation for CO 2  conversion to CH 4  ( α  app ) was 1.041–1.056 in the soil and 1.046–1.080 on the roots, indicating that  f  ac  was 10–60% and 0–50%, respectively. Isotope fractionation associated with CH 4  oxidation ( α  ox ) was 1.021 ± 0.007 in the soil and 1.013 ± 0.005 on the roots, and the transport fractionation ( ε  transport ) by rice plants was estimated to be −16.7‰ ~ −11.1‰. Rhizospheric  f  ox  was about 30–100%, and it was more important at the beginning but decreased fast towards the end of season. Large value of  f  ox  was also observed at the soil-water interface and soil and roots surfaces, respectively. The results demonstrate that carbon isotopic fractionations which might be different in different conditions were sensitive to the estimations of  f  ac  and  f  ox  in paddy field.

Carbon isotope fractionation reveals distinct process of CH4 emission from different compartments of paddy ecosystem