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Metacaspase orthologs are conserved in fungi, protozoa and plants, however, their roles in plant disease resistance are largely unknown. In this study, we identified a  Triticum aestivum  metacaspase gene,  TaMCA1 , with three copies located on chromosomes 1A, 1B and 1D. The  TaMCA1  protein contained typical structural features of type I metacaspases domains, including an N-terminal pro-domain. Transient expression analyses indicated that  TaMCA1  was localized in cytosol and mitochondria.  TaMCA1  exhibited no caspase-1 activity  in vitro , but was able to inhibit cell death in tobacco and wheat leaves induced by the mouse  Bax  gene. In addition, the expression level of  TaMCA1  was up-regulated following challenge with the  Puccinia striiformis  f. sp.  tritici  ( Pst ). Knockdown of  TaMCA1  via virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) enhanced plant disease resistance to  Pst , and the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). Further study showed that  TaMCA1  decreased yeast cell resistance similar to the function of yeast metacaspase, and there was no interaction between  TaMCA1  and  TaLSD1 . Based on these combined results, we speculate that  TaMCA1 , a regulator of cell death, is important during the compatible interaction of wheat and  Pst .

TaMCA1, a regulator of cell death, is important for the interaction between wheat and Puccinia striiformis