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Olfactory proteins form the basis of insect olfactory recognition, which is crucial for host identification, mating, and oviposition. Using transcriptome analysis of  Anoplophora glabripennis  antenna, we identified 42 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), 12 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 14 pheromone-degrading enzymes (PDEs), 1 odorant-degrading enzymes (ODE), 37 odorant receptors (ORs), 11 gustatory receptors (GRs), 2 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs), and 4 ionotropic receptor (IR). All CSPs and PBPs were expressed in antennae, confirming the authenticity of the transcriptome data. CSP expression profiles showed that  Agla CSP3,  Agla CSP6, and  Agla CSP12 were expressed preferentially in maxillary palps and  Agla CSP7 and  Agla CSP9 were strongly expressed in antennae. The vast majority of CSPs were highly expressed in multiple chemosensory tissues, suggesting their participation in olfactory recognition in almost all olfactory tissues. Intriguingly, the PBP  AglaPBP2  was preferentially expressed in antenna, indicating that it is the main protein involved in efficient and sensitive pheromone recognition. Phylogenetic analysis of olfactory proteins indicated  Agla GR1 may detect CO 2 . This study establishes a foundation for determining the chemoreception molecular mechanisms of  A. glabripennis , which would provide a new perspective for controlling pest populations, especially those of borers.

Antennal transcriptome analysis of the Asian longhorned beetle Anoplophora glabripennis