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Biosynthesis of the black perithecial pigment in the filamentous fungus  Fusarium graminearum  is dependent on the polyketide synthase PGL1 ( oPKS3 ). A seven-membered  PGL1  gene cluster was identified by over-expression of the cluster specific transcription factor  pglR . Targeted gene replacement showed that  PGL1, pglJ, pglM  and  pglV  were essential for the production of the perithecial pigment. Over-expression of  PGL1  resulted in the production of 6-O-demethyl-5-deoxybostrycoidin ( 1 ), 5-deoxybostrycoidin ( 2 ), and three novel compounds 5-deoxybostrycoidin anthrone ( 3 ), 6-O-demethyl-5-deoxybostrycoidin anthrone ( 4 ) and purpurfusarin ( 5 ). The novel dimeric bostrycoidin purpurfusarin ( 5 ) was found to inhibit the growth of  Candida albicans  with an IC 50  of 8.0 +/− 1.9 μM. The results show that  Fusarium  species with black perithecia have a previously undescribed form of 5-deoxybostrycoidin based melanin in their fruiting bodies.

Black perithecial pigmentation in Fusarium species is due to the accumulation of 5-deoxybostrycoidin-based melanin