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The residual hydrothermalism associated with submarine volcanoes, following an eruption event, plays an important role in the supply of CO 2  to the ocean. The emitted CO 2  increases the acidity of seawater. The submarine volcano of El Hierro, in its degasification stage, provided an excellent opportunity to study the effect of volcanic CO 2  on the seawater carbonate system, the global carbon flux, and local ocean acidification. A detailed survey of the volcanic edifice was carried out using seven CTD-pH-ORP tow-yo studies, localizing the redox and acidic changes, which were used to obtain surface maps of anomalies. In order to investigate the temporal variability of the system, two CTD-pH-ORP yo-yo studies were conducted that included discrete sampling for carbonate system parameters. Meridional tow-yos were used to calculate the amount of volcanic CO 2  added to the water column for each surveyed section. The inputs of CO 2  along multiple sections combined with measurements of oceanic currents produced an estimated volcanic CO 2  flux = 6.0 10 5  ± 1.1 10 5  kg d −1  which is ~0.1% of global volcanic CO 2  flux. Finally, the CO 2  emitted by El Hierro increases the acidity above the volcano by ~20%.

Significant discharge of CO2 from hydrothermalism associated with the submarine volcano of El Hierro Island