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Brucella  is the causative agent of brucellosis, a worldwide epidemic zoonosis. Small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) are important modulators of gene expression and involved in pathogenesis and stress adaptation of  Brucella . In this study, using a strand-specific RNA deep-sequencing approach, we identified a global set of sRNAs expressed by  B. melitensis  16M. In total, 1321 sRNAs were identified, ranging from 100 to 600 nucleotides. These sRNAs differ in their expression levels and strand and chromosomal distributions. The role of BSR0441, one of these sRNAs, in the virulence of  B. melitensis  16M was further characterized. BSR0441 was highly induced during the infection of macrophages and mice. The deletion mutant of BSR0441 showed significantly reduced spleen colonization in the middle and late phases of infection. The expression of the BSR0441 target mRNA genes was also altered in the BSR0441 mutant strain during macrophage and mice infection, which is consistent with its reduced intracellular survival capacity. In summary,  Brucella  encodes a large number of sRNAs, which may be involved in the stress adaptation and virulence of  Brucella . Further investigation of these regulators will extend our understanding of the  Brucella  pathogenesis mechanism and the interactions between  Brucella  and its hosts.

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Large-scale identification of small noncoding RNA with strand-specific deep sequencing and characterization of a novel virulence-related sRNA in Brucella melitensis