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Coral reef success is largely dependent on the symbiosis between coral hosts and dinoflagellate symbionts belonging to the genus  Symbiodinium . Elevated temperatures can result in the expulsion of  Symbiodinium  or loss of their photosynthetic pigments and is known as coral bleaching. It has been postulated that the expression of light-harvesting protein complexes (LHCs), which bind chlorophylls (chl) and carotenoids, are important in photobleaching. This study explored the effect a sixteen-day thermal stress (increasing daily from 25–34 °C) on integral LHC (chlorophyll  a -chlorophyll  c   2  -peridinin protein complex ( acpPC )) gene expression in  Symbiodinium  within the coral  Acropora aspera.  Thermal stress leads to a decrease in  Symbiodinium  photosynthetic efficiency by day eight, while symbiont density was significantly lower on day sixteen. Over this time period, the gene expression of five  Symbiodinium   acpPC  genes was quantified. Three  acpPC  genes exhibited up-regulated expression when corals were exposed to temperatures above 31.5 °C ( acpPCSym_1:1 , day sixteen;  acpPCSym_15 , day twelve; and  acpPCSym_18 , day ten and day sixteen). In contrast, the expression of  acpPCSym_5:1  and  acpPCSym_10:1  was unchanged throughout the experiment. Interestingly, the three  acpPC  genes with increased expression cluster together in a phylogenetic analysis of light-harvesting complexes.

Integral Light-Harvesting Complex Expression In Symbiodinium Within The Coral Acropora aspera Under Thermal Stress