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A novel family of compounds derivative of 1,1′-(((ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))bis(4,1-phenylene))bis(methylene))-bispyridinium or –bisquinolinium bromide ( 10a-l ) containing a pair of oxygen atoms in the spacer of the linker between the biscationic moieties, were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of choline kinase against a panel of cancer-cell lines. The most promising compounds in this series were 1,1′-(((ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))bis(4,1-phenylene))bis(methylene))bis(4-(dimethylamino)pyridinium) bromide ( 10a ) and 1,1′-(((ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))bis(4,1-phenylene))bis(methylene))-bis(7-chloro-4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)quinolinium) bromide ( 10l ), which inhibit human choline kinase (ChoKα1) with IC 50  of 1.0 and 0.92 μM, respectively, in a range similar to that of the previously reported biscationic compounds  MN58b  and  RSM932A . Our compounds show greater antiproliferative activities than do the reference compounds, with unprecedented values of GI 50  in the nanomolar range for several of the cancer-cell lines assayed, and more importantly they present low toxicity in non-tumoral cell lines, suggesting a cancer-cell-selective antiproliferative activity. Docking studies predict that the compounds interact with the choline-binding site in agreement with the binding mode of most previously reported biscationic compounds. Moreover, the crystal structure of ChoKα1 with compound  10a  reveals that this compound binds to the choline-binding site and mimics  HC-3  binding mode as never before.

scientific reports

Design, synthesis, crystallization and biological evaluation of new symmetrical biscationic compounds as selective inhibitors of human Choline Kinase α1 (ChoKα1)