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Herbivores can ingest and store plant-synthesized toxic compounds in their bodies, and sequester those compounds for their own benefits. The broad bean,  Vicia faba  L., contains a high quantity of L-DOPA (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine), which is toxic to many insects. However, the pea aphid,  Acyrthosiphon pisum , can feed on  V. faba  normally, whereas many other aphid species could not. In this study, we investigated how  A. pisum  utilizes plant-derived L-DOPA for their own benefit. L-DOPA concentrations in  V. faba  and  A. pisum  were analyzed to prove L-DOPA sequestration. L-DOPA toxicity was bioassayed using an artificial diet containing high concentrations of L-DOPA. We found that  A. pisum  could effectively adapt and store L-DOPA, transmit it from one generation to the next. We also found that L-DOPA sequestration verity differed in different morphs of  A. pisum . After analyzing the melanization efficiency in wounds, mortality and deformity of the aphids at different concentrations of L-DOPA under ultraviolet radiation (UVA 365.0 nm for 30 min), we found that  A. pisum  could enhance L-DOPA assimilation for wound healing and UVA-radiation protection. Therefore, we conclude that  A. pisum  could acquire L-DOPA and use it to prevent UVA damage. This study reveals a successful co-evolution between  A. pisum  and  V. faba.

Pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum sequesters plant-derived secondary metabolite L-DOPA for wound healing and UVA resistance