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The  Helicobacter pylori  energy sensor TlpD determines tactic behaviour under low energy conditions and is important  in vivo . We explored protein-protein interactions of TlpD and their impact on TlpD localisation and function. Pull-down of tagged TlpD identified protein interaction partners of TlpD, which included the chemotaxis histidine kinase CheAY2, the central metabolic enzyme aconitase (AcnB) and the detoxifying enzyme catalase (KatA). We confirmed that KatA and AcnB physically interact with TlpD. While the TlpD-dependent behavioural response appeared not influenced in the interactor mutants  katA  and  acnB  in steady-state behavioural assays, acetone carboxylase subunit ( acxC ) mutant behaviour was altered. TlpD was localised in a bipolar subcellular pattern in media of high energy. We observed a significant change in TlpD localisation towards the cell body in  cheAY2 -, catalase- or aconitase-deficient bacteria or in bacteria incubated under low energy conditions, including oxidative stress or respiratory inhibition. Inactivation of  tlpD  resulted in an increased sensitivity to iron limitation and oxidative stress and influenced the  H. pylori  transcriptome. Oxidative stress, iron limitation and overexpressing the iron-sulfur repair system  nifSU  altered TlpD-dependent behaviour. We propose that TlpD localisation is instructed by metabolic activity and protein interactions, and its sensory activity is linked to iron-sulfur cluster integrity.

Localisation and protein-protein interactions of the Helicobacter pylori taxis sensor TlpD and their connection to metabolic functions