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Several studies have explored the origin and development mechanism of oral lichen planus (OLP) with limited attention to the role of bacteria in the progression of this common oral disease. Here we utilized MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons to identify complex oral microbiota associated with OLP from saliva samples of two subtypes (reticular and erosive) of OLP patients and healthy controls. Our analyses indicated that the overall structure of the salivary microbiome was not significantly affected by disease status. However, we did observe evident variations in abundance for several taxonomic groups in OLP.  Porphyromonas  and  Solobacterium  showed significantly higher relative abundances, whereas  Haemophilus ,  Corynebacterium ,  Cellulosimicrobium  and  Campylobacter  showed lower abundances in OLP patients, as compared with healthy controls. In addition, we explored specific microbial co-occurrence patterns in OLP, and revealed significantly fewer linkers of  Streptococcus  comprising species in erosive OLP. Furthermore, the disease severity and immune dysregulation were also genus-associated, including with  Porphyromonas  that correlated to disease scores and salivary levels of interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-23. Overall, this study provides a general description of oral microbiome in OLP, and it will be useful for further investigation of their potential roles in the initiation and immune modulation of OLP.

Preliminary analysis of salivary microbiome and their potential roles in oral lichen planus