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Mitophagy, which is a special autophagy that removes damaging mitochondria to maintain sufficient healthy mitochondria, provides an alternative path for addressing dysfunctional mitochondria and avoiding cellular death. In the present study, by coupling the triphenylamine group with 2-phenylimidazo[4,5- f ][1,10]phenanthroline derivatives, we synthesized five Ir(III) complexes with an AIE property that are expected to fulfill requirements for real-time monitoring of mitophagy.  Ir1-Ir5  were exploited to image mitochondria with a short incubation time by confocal microscopy and inductive coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Due to aggregation-induced emission (AIE),  Ir1-Ir5  exhibited excellent photostability compared to MitoTracker Green (MTG). Moreover,  Ir1-Ir5  manifested satisfactory photostability in the mitochondrial physiological pH range. In addition, the uptake mechanism of  Ir1  was investigated using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry analysis. Finally, using both  Ir1  and LysoTracker Green, we were able to achieve real-time monitoring of mitophagy.

Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes as AIE Phosphorescent Probes for Real-Time Monitoring of Mitophagy in Living Cells