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The role of the unique proline-glutamic acid (PE)/proline-proline-glutamic acid (PPE) family of proteins in the pathophysiology and virulence of  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  is not clearly understood. One of the PE family proteins, PE11 (LipX or Rv1169c), specific to pathogenic mycobacteria is found to be over-expressed during infection of macrophages and in active TB patients. In this study, we report that  M. smegmatis  expressing PE11 ( Msmeg-PE11 ) exhibited altered colony morphology and cell wall lipid composition leading to a marked increase in resistance against various environmental stressors and antibiotics. The cell envelope of  Msmeg-PE11  also had greater amount of glycolipids and polar lipids.  Msmeg-PE11  was found to have better survival rate in infected macrophages. Mice infected with  Msmeg-PE11  had higher bacterial load, showed exacerbated organ pathology and mortality. The liver and lung of  Msmeg-PE11- infected mice also had higher levels of IL-10, IL-4 and TNF-α cytokines, indicating a potential role of this protein in mycobacterial virulence.

PE11, a PE/PPE family protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is involved in cell wall remodeling and virulence