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Ocean uptake of anthropogenic CO 2  reduces pH and saturation state of calcium carbonate materials of seawater, which could reduce the calcification rate of some marine organisms, triggering a negative feedback on the growth of atmospheric CO 2 . We quantify the effect of this CO 2 -calcification feedback by conducting a series of Earth system model simulations that incorporate different parameterization schemes describing the dependence of calcification rate on saturation state of CaCO 3 . In a scenario with SRES A2 CO 2  emission until 2100 and zero emission afterwards, by year 3500, in the simulation without CO 2 -calcification feedback, model projects an accumulated ocean CO 2  uptake of 1462 PgC, atmospheric CO 2  of 612 ppm, and surface pH of 7.9. Inclusion of CO 2 -calcification feedback increases ocean CO 2  uptake by 9 to 285 PgC, reduces atmospheric CO 2  by 4 to 70 ppm, and mitigates the reduction in surface pH by 0.003 to 0.06, depending on the form of parameterization scheme used. It is also found that the effect of CO 2 -calcification feedback on ocean carbon uptake is comparable and could be much larger than the effect from CO 2 -induced warming. Our results highlight the potentially important role CO 2 -calcification feedback plays in ocean carbon cycle and projections of future atmospheric CO 2  concentrations.

Simulated effect of calcification feedback on atmospheric CO2 and ocean acidification