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Flavones are important secondary metabolites found in many plants. In  Lonicera  species, flavones contribute both physiological and pharmaceutical properties. However, flavone synthase (FNS), the key enzyme responsible for flavone biosynthesis, has not yet been characterized in  Lonicera  species. In this study,  FNSII  genes were identified from  Lonicera japonica  Thunb. and  L. macranthoides  Hand.-Mazz. In the presence of NADPH, the recombinant cytochrome P450 proteins encoded by  LjFNSII-1.1 ,  LjFNSII-2.1 , and  LmFNSII-1.1  converted eriodictyol, naringenin, and liquiritigenin to the corresponding flavones directly. The different catalytic properties between LjFNSII-2.1 and LjFNSII-1.1 were caused by a single amino acid substitution at position 242 (glutamic acid to lysine). A methionine at position 206 and a leucine at position 381 contributed considerably to the high catalytic activity of LjFNSII-1.1. In addition, LjFNSII-1.1&2.1 and LmFNSII-1.1 also biosynthesize flavones that were further modified by  O -glycosylation in transgenic tobacco. The expression levels of the  FNSII  genes were consistent with flavone accumulation patterns in flower buds. Our findings suggested that the weak catalytic activity of LmFNSII-1.1 and the relatively low expression of  LmFNSII-1.1  in flowers might be responsible for the low levels of flavone accumulation in flower buds of  L. macranthoides .

Flavone synthases from Lonicera japonica and L. macranthoides reveal differential flavone accumulation