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Invasion of  Spartina alterniflora  in coastal areas of China increased methane (CH 4 ) emissions. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we measured CH 4  production potential, methanogen community structure and biogeochemical factors along a coastal wetland transect comprised of five habitat regions: open water, bare tidal flat, invasive  S. alterniflora  marsh and native  Suaeda salsa  and  Phragmites australis  marshes. CH 4  production potential in  S. alterniflora  marsh was 10 times higher than that in other regions, and it was significantly correlated with soil organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon and trimethylamine concentrations, but was not correlated with acetate or formate concentrations. Although the diversity of methanogens was lowest in  S. alterniflora  marsh, invasion increased methanogen abundance by 3.48-fold, compared with native  S. salsa  and  P. australis  marshes due to increase of facultative  Methanosarcinaceae  rather than acetotrophic and hydrogenotrophic methanogens. Ordination analyses suggested that trimethylamine was the primary factor regulating shift in methanogen community structure. Addition of trimethylamine increased CH 4  production rates by 1255-fold but only by 5.61- and 11.4-fold for acetate and H 2 /CO 2 , respectively.  S. alterniflora  invasion elevated concentration of non-competitive trimethylamine, and shifted methanogen community from acetotrophic to facultative methanogens, which together facilitated increased CH 4  production potential.

Shifts in methanogen community structure and function across a coastal marsh transect: effects of exotic Spartina alterniflora invasion