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As one of the most toxic heavy metals in the environment, cadmium (Cd) poses a severe threat to plant growth. We previously reported that overexpression of the  Tamarix hispida  V-ATPase c subunit ( ThVHAc1 ) improved the Cd tolerance of  Saccharomyces cerevisiae . In the current study, we further explored the Cd tolerance conferred by  ThVHAc1  in  Arabidopsis  and  T. hispida .  ThVHAc1  transgenic  Arabidopsis  had higher seed germination, biomass, and chlorophyll content under CdCl 2  treatment. In Cd-stressed plants, overexpression of  ThVHAc1  significantly improved V-ATPase activity and affected the expression of other V-ATPase subunit-encoding genes. Intriguingly, the lower level of ROS accumulation in  ThVHAc1- overexpressing lines under CdCl 2  treatment demonstrated that  ThVHAc1  may modulate Cd stress tolerance by regulating ROS homeostasis. Transient expression of  ThVHAc1  in  T. hispida  further confirmed these findings. Furthermore, promoter analysis and yeast one-hybrid assay revealed that the transcription factor  ThWRKY7  can specifically bind to the WRKY  cis -element in the  ThVHAc1  promoter . ThWRKY7  exhibited similar expression patterns as  ThVHAc1  under CdCl 2  treatment and improved Cd tolerance, suggesting that  ThWRKY7  may be an upstream regulatory gene of  ThVHAc1.  Therefore, our results show that the combination of  ThVHAc1  and its upstream regulator could be used to improve Cd stress tolerance in woody plants.

Overexpression of ThVHAc1 and its potential upstream regulator, ThWRKY7, improved plant tolerance of Cadmium stress