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The carmine spider mite,  Tetranychus cinnabarinus  is an important pest of crops and vegetables worldwide, and it has the ability to develop resistance against acaricides rapidly. Our previous study identified an esterase gene (designated  TCE2 ) over-expressed in resistant mites. To investigate this gene’s function in resistance, the expression levels of  TCE2  in susceptible, abamectin-, fenpropathrin-, and cyflumetofen-resistant strains were knocked down (65.02%, 63.14%, 57.82%, and 63.99%, respectively) via RNA interference. The bioassay data showed that the resistant levels to three acaricides were significantly decreased after the down-regulation of  TCE2 , indicating a correlation between the expression of  TCE2  and the acaricide-resistance in  T. cinnabarinus .  TCE2  gene was then re-engineered for heterologous expression in  Escherichia coli . The recombinant TCE2 exhibited α-naphthyl acetate activity (483.3 ± 71.8 nmol/mg pro. min −1 ), and the activity of this enzyme could be inhibited by abamectin, fenpropathrin, and cyflumetofen, respectively. HPLC and GC results showed that 10 μg of the recombinant TCE2 could effectively decompose 21.23% fenpropathrin and 49.70% cyflumetofen within 2 hours. This is the first report of a successful heterologous expression of an esterase gene from mites. This study provides direct evidence that  TCE2  is a functional gene involved in acaricide resistance in  T. cinnabarinus.

Functional Analysis of Esterase TCE2 Gene from Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) involved in Acaricide Resistance