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Inhabitants of Túquerres in the Colombian Andes have a 25-fold higher risk of gastric cancer than inhabitants of the coastal town Tumaco, despite similar  H. pylori  prevalences. The gastric microbiota was recently shown in animal models to accelerate the development of  H. pylori -induced precancerous lesions. 20 individuals from each town, matched for age and sex, were selected, and gastric microbiota analyses were performed by deep sequencing of amplified 16S rDNA. In parallel, analyses of  H. pylori  status, carriage of the  cag  pathogenicity island and assignment of  H. pylori  to phylogeographic groups were performed to test for correlations between  H. pylori  strain properties and microbiota composition. The gastric microbiota composition was highly variable between individuals, but showed a significant correlation with the town of origin. Multiple OTUs were detected exclusively in either Tumaco or Túquerres. Two operational taxonomic units (OTUs),  Leptotrichia wadei  and a  Veillonella sp. , were significantly more abundant in Túquerres, and 16 OTUs, including a  Staphylococcus sp.  were significantly more abundant in Tumaco. There was no significant correlation of  H. pylori  phylogeographic population or carriage of the  cag PAI with microbiota composition. From these data, testable hypotheses can be generated and examined in suitable animal models and prospective clinical trials.

Different gastric microbiota compositions in two human populations with high and low gastric cancer risk in Colombia