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The morphological plasticity of root systems is critical for plant survival, and understanding the mechanisms underlying root adaptation to nitrogen (N) fluctuation is critical for sustainable agriculture; however, the molecular mechanism of N-dependent root growth in rice remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the role of the complementary high-affinity NO 3  −  transport protein OsNAR2.1 in NO 3  − -regulated rice root growth. Comparisons with wild-type (WT) plants showed that knockdown of OsNAR2.1 inhibited lateral root (LR) formation under low NO 3  −  concentrations, but not under low NH 4  +  concentrations.  15 N-labelling NO 3  −  supplies (provided at concentrations of 0–10 mM) demonstrated that (i) defects in LR formation in mutants subjected to low external NO 3  −  concentrations resulted from impaired NO 3  −  uptake, and (ii) the mutants had significantly fewer LRs than the WT plants when root N contents were similar between genotypes. LR formation in  osnar2 . 1  mutants was less sensitive to localised NO 3  −  supply than LR formation in WT plants, suggesting that OsNAR2.1 may be involved in a NO 3  − -signalling pathway that controls LR formation. Knockdown of OsNAR2.1 inhibited LR formation by decreasing auxin transport from shoots to roots. Thus, OsNAR2.1 probably functions in both NO 3  −  uptake and NO 3  − -signalling.

Knockdown of the partner protein OsNAR2.1 for high-affinity nitrate transport represses lateral root formation in a nitrate-dependent manner