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Photothermal cancer therapy has attracted considerable interest for cancer treatment in recent years, but the effective photothermal agents remain to be explored before this strategy can be applied clinically. In this study, we therefore develop flower-like molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) nanoflakes and investigate their potential for photothermal ablation of cancer cells. MoS 2  nanoflakes are synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method and then modified with lipoic acid-terminated polyethylene glycol (LA-PEG), endowing the obtained nanoflakes with high colloidal stability and very low cytotoxicity. Upon irradiation with near infrared (NIR) laser at 808 nm, the nanoflakes showed powerful ability of inducing higher temperature, good photothermal stability and high photothermal conversion efficiency. The  in vitro  photothermal effects of MoS 2 -PEG nanoflakes with different concentrations were also evaluated under various power densities of NIR 808-nm laser irradiation, and the results indicated that an effective photothermal killing of cancer cells could be achieved by a low concentration of nanoflakes under a low power NIR 808-nm laser irradiation. Furthermore, cancer cell  in vivo  could be efficiently destroyed via the photothermal effect of MoS 2 -PEG nanoflakes under the irradiation. These results thus suggest that the MoS 2 -PEG nanoflakes would be as promising photothermal agents for future photothermal cancer therapy.

Flower-like PEGylated MoS2 nanoflakes for near-infrared photothermal cancer therapy