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Locusts aggregate into bands of nymphs and swarms of adults that can pose a major threat to crop. Previous studies have shown that infection by the microsporidian parasite  Paranosema locustae  prevents locust aggregation behavior and we show that gut bacteria, which produce components of locust aggregation pheromones, are substantially reduced in locusts infected with  P. locustae . We found that  P. locustae  could reduce the diversity, abundance and community composition of  Locusta migratoria ’s gut bacteria. The parasite infection was also shown to interrupt the peroxidase activity of locust hindgut. Genome-wide expression analysis showed that the parasite infection suppressed  peroxidase  mRNA relative expression of locust hindgut, but had no effects on  attacin  expression and superoxide dismutase at 16 d post-inoculation with 20,000  P. locustae  spores. Our findings reveal the mechanisms by which  P. locustae  impairs bacterial diversity and community structure of  Locusta migratoria ’s gut bacteria.

The mechanism for microsporidian parasite suppression of the hindgut bacteria of the migratory locust Locusta migratoria manilensis