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Much like vertebrate hair cells, the chordotonal sensory neurons that mediate hearing in  Drosophila  are motile and amplify the mechanical input of the ear. Because the neurons bear mechanosensory primary cilia whose microtubule axonemes display dynein arms, we hypothesized that their motility is powered by dyneins. Here, we describe two axonemal dynein proteins that are required for  Drosophila  auditory neuron function, localize to their primary cilia, and differently contribute to mechanical amplification in hearing. Promoter fusions revealed that the two axonemal dynein genes Dm dnah3  (= CG17150 ) and Dm dnai2  (= CG6053 ) are expressed in chordotonal neurons, including the auditory ones in the fly’s ear. Null alleles of both dyneins equally abolished electrical auditory neuron responses, yet whereas mutations in Dm dnah3  facilitated mechanical amplification, amplification was abolished by mutations in Dm dnai2 . Epistasis analysis revealed that Dm dnah3  acts downstream of Nan-Iav channels in controlling the amplificatory gain. Dm dnai2 , in addition to being required for amplification, was essential for outer dynein arms in auditory neuron cilia. This establishes diverse roles of axonemal dyneins in  Drosophila  auditory neuron function and links auditory neuron motility to primary cilia and axonemal dyneins. Mutant defects in sperm competition suggest that both dyneins also function in sperm motility.

Diverse Roles of Axonemal Dyneins in Drosophila Auditory Neuron Function and Mechanical Amplification in Hearing