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The full-length cDNAs of  amh  and  dax1  in the hermaphrodite, rice-field eel ( Monopterus albus ), were cloned and characterized in this study. Multiple sequence alignment revealed Dax1 was well conserved among vertebrates, whereas Amh had a low degree of similarity between different vertebrates. Their expression profiles in gonads during the course of sex inversion and tissues were investigated. The tissue distribution indicated  amh  was expressed mostly in gonads and was scarcely detectable in other tissues, whereas the expression of  dax1  was widespread among the different tissues, especially liver and gonads.  amh  was scarcely detectable in ovaries whereas it was abundantly expressed in both ovotestis and testis. By contrast,  dax1  was highly expressed in ovaries, especially in ♀IV (ovaries in IV stage), but it was decreased significantly in ♀/♂I (ovotestis in I stage). Its expression was increased again in ♀/♂III (ovotestis in III stage), and then decreased to a low level in testis. These significant different expression patterns of  amh  and  dax1  suggest the increase of  amh  expression and the decline of  dax1  expression are important for the activation of testis development, and the high level of  amh  and a low level of  dax1  expression are necessary for maintenance of testis function.

Molecular cloning and characterization of amh and dax1 genes and their expression during sex inversion in rice-field eel Monopterus albus