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MicroRNAs were described to target mRNA and regulate the transcription of genes involved in processes de-regulated in tumorigenesis, such as proliferation, differentiation and survival. In particular, the miRNA  let-7  has been suggested to regulate the expression of the  KRAS  gene, a common mutated gene in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), through a  let-7  complementary site (LCS) in 3′UTR of KRAS mRNA. We have reported the analysis performed on the role of the polymorphism located in the KRAS-LCS (rs61764370) which is involved in the disruption of the  let-7  complementary site in NSCLC patients enrolled within the TAILOR trial, a randomised trial comparing erlotinib versus docetaxel in second line treatment. In our cohort of patients, KRAS-LCS6 polymorphism did not have any impact on both overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) and was not associated with any patient’s baseline characteristics included in the study. Overall, patients had a better prognosis when treated with docetaxel instead of erlotinib for both OS and PFS. Considering KRAS-LCS6 status, the TG/GG patients had a benefit from docetaxel treatment ( HR   (docetaxel vs erlotinib)   = 0.35, 95% CI 0.15–0.79, p = 0.011) compared with the TT patients ( HR   (docetaxel vs erlotinib)   = 0.72, 95% CI 0.52–1.01, p = 0.056) in terms of PFS.

Role of KRAS-LCS6 polymorphism in advanced NSCLC patients treated with erlotinib or docetaxel in second line treatment (TAILOR)