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In this pilot study, an autologous synthetic scaffold-free construct with hyaline quality, termed living hyaline cartilaginous graft ( LhCG ), was applied for treating cartilage lesions. Implantation of autologous  LhCG  was done at load-bearing regions of the knees in skeletally mature mini-pigs for 6 months. Over the course of this study, significant radiographical improvement in  LhCG  treated sites was observed via magnetic resonance imaging. Furthermore, macroscopic repair was effected by  LhCG  at endpoint. Microscopic inspection revealed that  LhCG  engraftment restored cartilage thickness, promoted integration with surrounding native cartilage, produced abundant cartilage-specific matrix molecules, and re-established an intact superficial tangential zone. Importantly, the repair efficacy of  LhCG  was quantitatively shown to be comparable to native, unaffected cartilage in terms of biochemical composition and biomechanical properties. There were no complications related to the donor site of cartilage biopsy. Collectively, these results imply that  LhCG  engraftment may be a viable approach for articular cartilage repair.

A preclinical evaluation of an autologous living hyaline-like cartilaginous graft for articular cartilage repair: a pilot study