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The detection of bacterial-specific volatile metabolites may be a valuable tool to predict infection. Here we applied a real-time mass spectrometric technique to investigate differences in volatile metabolic profiles of oral bacteria that cause periodontitis. We coupled a secondary electrospray ionization (SESI) source to a commercial high-resolution mass spectrometer to interrogate the headspace from bacterial cultures and human saliva. We identified 120 potential markers characteristic for periodontal pathogens  Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans  (n = 13),  Porphyromonas gingivalis  (n = 70),  Tanerella forsythia  (n = 30) and  Treponema denticola  (n = 7) in  in vitro  cultures. In a second proof-of-principle phase, we found 18 ( P. gingivalis ,  T. forsythia  and  T. denticola ) of the 120  in vitro  compounds in the saliva from a periodontitis patient with confirmed infection with  P. gingivalis ,  T. forsythia  and  T. denticola  with enhanced ion intensity compared to two healthy controls. In conclusion, this method has the ability to identify individual metabolites of microbial pathogens in a complex medium such as saliva.

Differentiation of oral bacteria in in vitro cultures and human saliva by secondary electrospray ionization – mass spectrometry