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Arabidopsis  VQ motif-containing proteins have recently been demonstrated to interact with several WRKY transcription factors; however, their specific biological functions and the molecular mechanisms underlying their involvement in defense responses remain largely unclear. Here, we showed that two  VQ  genes,  VQ12  and  VQ29 , were highly responsive to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen  Botrytis cinerea . To characterize their roles in plant defense, we generated  amiR-vq12  transgenic plants by using an artificial miRNA approach to suppress the expression of  VQ12 , and isolated a loss-of-function mutant of  VQ29.  Phenotypic analysis showed that decreasing the expression of  VQ12  and  VQ29  simultaneously rendered the  amiR-vq12 vq29  double mutant plants resistant against  B. cinerea . Consistently, the  B. cinerea -induced expression of defense-related  PLANT DEFENSIN1.2 (PDF1.2)  was increased in  amiR-vq12 vq29 . In contrast, constitutively-expressing  VQ12  or  VQ29  confered transgenic plants susceptible to  B. cinerea.  Further investigation revealed that VQ12 and VQ29 physically interacted with themselves and each other to form homodimers and heterodimer. Moreover, expression analysis of  VQ12  and  VQ29  in defense-signaling mutants suggested that they were partially involved in jasmonate (JA)-signaling pathway. Taken together, our study indicates that VQ12 and VQ29 negatively regulate plant basal resistance against  B. cinerea.

Arabidopsis VQ motif-containing proteins VQ12 and VQ29 negatively modulate basal defense against Botrytis cinerea