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The spontaneous expulsion of applied magnetic field, the Meissner effect, isa defining feature of superconductors; in Type-II superconductors above thelower critical field, this screening takes the form of a lattice of magneticflux vortices. Using implanted spin-1/2 positive muons, one can measure thevortex lattice field distribution through the spin precession and deduce keyparameters of the superconducting ground state, and thereby fundamentalproperties of the superconducting pairing. Muon spin rotation/relaxation($\mu$SR) experiments have indeed revealed much interesting physics in theunderdoped cuprates, where superconductivity is closely related to, orcoexistent with, disordered or fluctuating magnetic and charge excitations.Such complications should be absent in overdoped cuprates, which are believedto exhibit conventional Fermi liquid behaviour. These first transverse field(TF)-$\mu^+$SR experiments on heavily-overdoped single crystals reveal asuperfluid density exhibiting a clear inflection point near 0.5$T_c$, with astriking doping-independent scaling. This reflects hitherto unrecognizedphysics intrinsic to $d$-wave vortices, evidently generic to the cuprates, andmay offer fundamentally new insights into their still-mysterioussuperconductivity.

Signatures of New $d$-Wave Vortex Physics in Overdoped Tl$_2$Ba$_2$CuO$_{6+x}$ Revealed by TF-$\mu^+$SR