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Forested tropical peatlands in Southeast Asia are being rapidly converted to agriculture or degraded into non-forest vegetation. Although large areas have been abandoned, there is little evidence for subsequent forest recovery. As part of a study of forest degradation and recovery, we used seed removal experiments and rodent surveys to investigate the potential role of post-dispersal seed predation in limiting the regeneration of woody plants. Two 14-day seed removal trials were done in deforested and forested peatland habitat in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Seeds of  Nephelium lappaceum ,  Syzygium muelleri ,  Artocarpus heterophyllus  (all animal-dispersed) and  Combretocarpus rotundatus  (wind-dispersed) were tested. Significantly more seeds (82.8%) were removed in forest than non-forest (38.1%) and  Combretocarpus  had the lowest removal in both habitats. Most handled seeds were eaten  in situ  and little caching was observed. Six species of rodents were captured in forest and five in non-forest. The most trapped taxa were three  Maxomys  spp. in forest (85.5% of individuals) and  Rattus tiomanicus  in non-forest (74.8%). Camera traps confirmed that rodents were responsible for seed removal. Seed predation in deforested areas, which have a much lower seed rain than forest, may contribute to the low density and diversity of regenerating forest.

Post-dispersal seed removal by ground-feeding rodents in tropical peatlands, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia