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Adhesion to host cells is considered important for  Lactobacillus plantarum  as well as other lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to persist in human gut and thus exert probiotic effects. Here, we sequenced the genome of  Lt. plantarum  strain NL42 originating from a traditional Chinese dairy product, performed comparative genomic analysis and characterized a novel adhesion factor. The genome of NL42 was highly divergent from its closest neighbors, especially in six large genomic regions. NL42 harbors a total of 42 genes encoding adhesion-associated proteins; among them,  cwaA  encodes a protein containing multiple domains, including five cell wall surface anchor repeat domains and an LPxTG-like cell wall anchor motif. Expression of  cwaA  in  Lactococcus lactis  significantly increased its autoaggregation and hydrophobicity, and conferred the new ability to adhere to human colonic epithelial HT-29 cells by targeting cellular surface proteins, and not carbohydrate moieties, for CwaA adhesion. In addition, the recombinant  Lc. lactis  inhibited adhesion of  Staphylococcus aureus  and  Escherichia coli  to HT-29 cells, mainly by exclusion. We conclude that CwaA is a novel adhesion factor in  Lt. plantarum  and a potential candidate for improving the adhesion ability of probiotics or other bacteria of interest.

scientific reports

Comparative genome-based identification of a cell wall-anchored protein from Lactobacillus plantarum increases adhesion of Lactococcus lactis to human epithelial cells