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The amino acid mutations in ryanodine receptor (RyR) and elevated activity of detoxification enzymes have been associated with the diamide insecticide resistance in the diamondback moth,  Plutella xylostella  (L.). The up-regulation of  P. xylostella  RyR mRNA ( PxRyR ) expression has also been reported in field populations of different graphical origin. However, whether the up-regulation of  PxRyR  is involved in diamide resistance remains unknown. In this paper, 2.28- to 4.14-fold higher expression of  PxRyR  was detected in five field collected resistant populations, compared to that in a susceptible population. The expression of  PxRyR  was up-regulated 5.0- and 7.2-fold, respectively, after  P. xylostella  was treated with LC 50  and LC 75  of chlorantraniliprole for 12 h. Suppression of  PxRyR  using RNA interference restored the toxicity of chlorantraniliprole against the fourth instar larvae from the resistant population. More importantly, the expression of  PxRyR  is regulated by two miRNAs, miR-7a and miR-8519. These findings provide an empirical evidence of the involvement of miRNAs in the regulation of insecticide resistance, and shed light on the novel targets for the sustainable management of this devastating insect pest.

miRNAs regulated overexpression of ryanodine receptor is involved in chlorantraniliprole resistance in Plutella xylostella (L.)