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In spite of significant technical advances, genesis and progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain poorly understood. We undertook an integrated genetic approach to discover novel microRNAs that were deregulated in NSCLCs. A total 119 primary NSCLCs with matched normal were analyzed for genome-wide copy number changes. We also tested a subset of matched samples by microRNA expression array, and integrated them to identify microRNAs positioned in allelic imbalance area. Our findings support that most of the identified deregulated microRNAs ( miR-21 ,  miR-23b ,  miR-31 ,  miR-126 ,  miR-150 , and  miR-205 ) were positioned in allelic imbalance areas. Among microRNAs tested in independent 114 NSCLCs, overexpression of  miR-23b  was revealed to be a significantly poor prognostic factor of recurrence free survival (HR = 2.40, P = 0.005, 95%CI: 1.32–4.29) and overall survival (HR = 2.35, P = 0.005, 95%CI: 1.30–4.19) in multivariable analysis. In addition, overexpression of  miR-23b  in H1838 cell line significantly increased cell proliferation, while inhibition of  miR-23b  in H1437 and H1944 cell lines significantly decreased cell doubling time. In summary, integration of genomic analysis and microRNA expression profiling could identify novel cancer-related microRNAs, and  miR-23b  could be a potential prognostic marker for early stage NSCLCs. Further biological studies of  miR-23b  are warranted for the potential development of targeted therapy.

An integrated genome-wide approach to discover deregulated microRNAs in non-small cell lung cancer: Clinical significance of miR-23b-3p deregulation