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Bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak are serious, economically damaging, diseases of rice caused by the bacteria  Xanthomonas oryzae  pv.  oryzae  and  X. oryzae  pv.  oryzicola .  Bacillus amyloliquefaciens  FZB42 was shown to possess biocontrol activity against these  Xanthomonas  strains by producing the antibiotic compounds difficidin and bacilysin. Analyses using fluorescence, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy revealed difficidin and bacilysin caused changes in the cell wall and structure of  Xanthomonas . Biological control experiments on rice plants demonstrated the ability of difficidin and bacilysin to suppress disease. Difficidin and bacilysin caused downregulated expression of genes involved in  Xanthomonas  virulence, cell division, and protein and cell wall synthesis. Taken together, our results highlight the potential of  B. amyloliquefaciens  FZB42 as a biocontrol agent against bacterial diseases of rice, and the utility of difficidin and bacilysin as antimicrobial compounds.

Difficidin and bacilysin from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 have antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas oryzae rice pathogens