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Based on first-principles calculations, we systematically study theelectronic, dielectric, and plasmonic properties of two-dimensional (2D)electride materials X$_2$N (X=Ca, Sr). We show that both Ca$_2$N and Sr$_2$Nare stable down to monolayer thickness. For thicknesses larger than 1-monolayer(1-ML), there are 2D anionic electron layers confined in the regions betweenthe [X$_2$N]$^+$ layers. These electron layers are strongly trapped and haveweak coupling between each other. As a result, for the thickness dependence ofmany properties such as the surface energy, work function, and dielectricfunction, the most dramatic change occurs when going from 1-ML to 2-ML. Forboth bulk and few-layer Ca$_2$N and Sr$_2$N, the in-plane and out-of-plane realcomponents of their dielectric functions have different signs in an extendedfrequency range covering the near infrared, indicating their potentialapplications as indefinite media. We find that bulk Ca$_2$N and Sr$_2$N couldsupport surface plasmon modes in the near infrared range. Moreover,tightly-bounded plasmon modes could exist in their few-layer structures. Thesemodes have significantly shorter wavelengths (~few tens of nanometers) comparedwith that of conventional noble metal materials, suggesting their greatpotential for plasmonic devices with much smaller dimensions.

Electronic, Dielectric, and Plasmonic Properties of Two-Dimensional Electride Materials X$_2$N (X=Ca, Sr): A First-Principles Study