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The impacts of radiative, electrical and thermal losses on the power outputenhancement of nanoscale-gap thermophotovoltaic (nano-TPV) power generatorsconsisting of a gallium antimonide cell paired with a broadband tungsten and aradiatively-optimized Drude radiator are analyzed. Results reveal that surfacemode mediated nano-TPV power generation with the Drude radiator outperforms thetungsten emitter, dominated by frustrated modes, only for a vacuum gapthickness of 10 nm and if both electrical and thermal losses are neglected. Thekey limiting factors for the Drude and tungsten-based devices are respectivelythe recombination of electron-hole pairs at the cell surface and thermalizationof radiation with energy larger than the absorption bandgap. In a nano-TPVpower generator cooled by convection with a fluid at 293 K and a heat transfercoefficient of 10^4 Wm^-2K^-1, power output enhancements of 4.69 and 1.89 areobtained for the tungsten and Drude radiators, respectively, when a realisticvacuum gap thickness of 100 nm is considered. A design guideline is alsoproposed where a high energy cutoff above which radiation has a net negativeeffect on nano-TPV power output is determined. This work demonstrates thatdesign and optimization of nano-TPV devices must account for radiative,electrical and thermal losses.

scientific reports

Impacts of propagating, frustrated and surface modes on radiative,  electrical and thermal losses in nanoscale-gap thermophotovoltaic power  generators