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Magnetic materials have found wide application ranging from electronics andmemories to medicine. Essential to these advances is the control of themagnetic order. To date, most room-temperature applications have a fixedmagnetic moment whose orientation is manipulated for functionality. Here wedemonstrate an iron-oxide and graphene oxide nanocomposite based device thatacts as a tunable ferromagnet at room temperature. Not only can we tune itstransition temperature in a wide range of temperatures around room temperature,but the magnetization can also be tuned from zero to 0.011 A.m$^2$/kg throughan initialization process with two readily accessible knobs (magnetic field andelectric current), after which the system retains its magnetic propertiessemi-permanently until the next initialization process. We construct atheoretical model to illustrate that this tunability originates from anindirect exchange interaction mediated by spin-imbalanced electrons inside thenanocomposite.

Tunable room-temperature ferromagnet using an iron-oxide and graphene oxide nanocomposite