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Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common autoimmune rheumatic disease of childhood. We recently showed that DNA methylation at the gene encoding the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-32 ( IL32 ) is reduced in JIA CD4+ T cells. To extend this finding, we measured  IL32  methylation in CD4+ T-cells from an additional sample of JIA cases and age- and sex-matched controls, and found a reduction in methylation associated with JIA consistent with the prior data (combined case-control dataset: 25.0% vs 37.7%, p = 0.0045). Further, JIA was associated with reduced  IL32  methylation in CD8+ T cells (15.2% vs 25.5%, p = 0.034), suggesting disease-associated changes to a T cell precursor. Additionally, we measured regional SNPs, along with CD4+ T cell expression of total  IL32 , and the γ and β isoforms. Several SNPs were associated with methylation. Two SNPs were also associated with JIA, and we found evidence of interaction such that methylation was only associated with JIA in minor allele carriers (e.g. rs10431961 p interaction  = 0.011). Methylation at one measured CpG was inversely correlated with total  IL32  expression (Spearman r = −0.73, p = 0.0009), but this was not a JIA-associated CpG. Overall, our data further confirms that reduced  IL32  methylation is associated with JIA, and that SNPs play an interactive role.

DNA methylation at IL32 in juvenile idiopathic arthritis