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Competition for light has traditionally been considered as the main mechanism for exclusion of  Pinus massoniana  during succession in subtropical forest ecosystems. However, both long-term inventories and a seedling cultivation experiment showed that growth of mature individuals and young seedlings of  P. massoniana  was not limited by available light, but was strongly influenced by stoichiometric homoeostasis. This is supported by the results of homoeostatic regulation coefficients for nitrogen ( H  N ) and phosphorus ( H  P ) estimated using the measured data from six transitional forests across subtropical China. Among three dominant tree species in subtropical forests,  P. massoniana  and  Castanopsis chinensis  had the lowest values of  H  P  and  H  N , respectively. Therefore  P. massoniana  cannot survive in the advanced stage due to soil phosphorus limitation and  C. chinensis  cannot successfully grow in the pioneer stage due to soil nitrogen limitation. Our results support that stoichiometric homeostasis is the main reason for gradual exclusion of  P. massoniana  from the transitional forest and the eventual elimination from the advanced forest during the subtropical forest succession. Therefore greater attention should be paid to stoichiometric homeostasis as one of the key mechanisms for species exclusion during forest succession.

scientific reports

The mechanism for exclusion of Pinus massoniana during the succession in subtropical forest ecosystems: light competition or stoichiometric homoeostasis?