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Photocatalysts show great potential in environmental remediation and water splitting using either artificial or natural light. Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 )-based photocatalysts are studied most frequently because they are stable, non-toxic, readily available, and highly efficient. However, the relatively wide band gap of TiO 2  significantly limits its use under visible light or solar light. We herein report a facile route for controllable synthesis of Ti 3+ -doped TiO 2  with tunable photocatalytic properties using a hydrothermal method with varying amounts of reductant, i.e., sodium borohydride (NaBH 4 ). The resulting TiO 2  showed color changes from light yellow, light grey, to dark grey with the increasing amount of NaBH 4 . The present method can controllably and effectively reduce Ti 4+  on the surface of TiO 2  and induce partial transformation of anatase TiO 2  to rutile TiO 2 , with the evolution of nanoparticles into hierarchical structures attributable to a high pressure and strong alkali environment in the synthesis atmosphere; in this way, the photocatalytic activity of Ti 3+ -doped TiO 2  under visible-light can be tuned. The as-developed strategy may open up a new avenue for designing and functionalizing TiO 2  materials for enhancing visible light absorption, narrowing band gap, and improving photocatalytic activity.

Controllable Synthesis and Tunable Photocatalytic Properties of Ti3+-doped TiO2