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Bax inhibitor 1 (BI-1) is a highly conserved protein originally identified as a suppressor of the proapoptotic protein Bax to inhibit cell death in animals and plants. The orthologs of BI-1 are widely distributed in filamentous fungi but their functions remain largely unknown. Herein, we report the identification and characterizations of  MrBI-1 , an ortholog of BI-1, in the entomopathogenic fungus  Metarhizium robertsii . First, we found that MrBI-1 could partially rescue mammalian Bax-induced cell death in yeast. Deletion of  MrBI-1  impaired fungal development, virulence and heat tolerance in  M. robertsii . We also demonstrated that inactivation of  MrBI-1  reduced fungal resistance to farnesol but not to hydrogen peroxide, suggesting that MrBI-1 contributes to antiapoptotic-like cell death via the endoplasmic reticulum stress-signaling pathway rather than the classical mitochondrium-dependent pathway. In particular, we found that unlike the observations in yeasts and plants, expression of mammalian Bax did not lead to a lethal effect in  M. robertsii ; however, it did aggravate the fungal apoptotic effect of farnesol. The results of this study advance our understanding of BI-1-like protein functions in filamentous fungi.

The Bax inhibitor MrBI-1 regulates heat tolerance, apoptotic-like cell death and virulence in Metarhizium robertsii