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A microRNA-size (20-nt long) molecule has been identified in  Escherichia coli  after induction of Shiga toxin-converting bacteriophage Φ24 B . This small RNA, named 24B_1, is encoded in the  lom - vb_24B_43  region of the phage genome, and apparently it is produced by cleavage of a larger transcript. A phage devoid of 24B_1 revealed decreased efficiency of lysogenization, quicker prophage induction after provoking the SOS response, higher efficiency of progeny phage production during the lytic cycle and less efficient adsorption on the host cells. Expression of most of phage genes was drastically increased after infection of  E. coli  by the Φ24 B Δ24B_1 phage. Since 24B_1 may impair expression of the  d_ant  gene, coding for an anti-repressor, these results may explain the mechanism of regulations of the physiological processes by this small RNA due to impaired activity of the cI repressor and changed expression of vast majority of phage genes. To our knowledge, this is the first example of functional microRNA-size molecule in bacterial cells.

A small, microRNA-size, ribonucleic acid regulating gene expression and development of Shiga toxin-converting bacteriophage Φ24Β