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Several RNases H1 cleave the RNA-DNA junction of Okazaki fragment-like RNA-DNA/DNA substrate. This activity, termed 3’-junction ribonuclease (3’-JRNase) activity, is different from the 5’-JRNase activity of RNase H2 that cleaves the 5’-side of the ribonucleotide of the RNA-DNA junction and is required to initiate the ribonucleotide excision repair pathway. To examine whether RNase H1 exhibits 3’-JRNase activity for dsDNA containing a single ribonucleotide and can remove this ribonucleotide in collaboration with RNase H2, cleavage of a DNA 8 -RNA 1 -DNA 9 /DNA 18  substrate with  E. coli  RNase H1 and H2 was analyzed. This substrate was cleaved by  E. coli  RNase H1 at the (5’)RNA-DNA(3’) junction, regardless of whether it was cleaved by  E. coli  RNase H2 at the (5’)DNA-RNA(3’) junction in advance or not. Likewise, this substrate was cleaved by  E. coli  RNase H2 at the (5’)DNA-RNA(3’) junction, regardless of whether it was cleaved by  E. coli  RNase H1 at the (5’)RNA-DNA(3’) junction in advance or not. When this substrate was cleaved by a mixture of  E. coli  RNases H1 and H2, the ribonucleotide was removed from the substrate. We propose that RNase H1 is involved in the excision of single ribonucleotides misincorporated into DNA in collaboration with RNase H2.

Role of RNase H1 in DNA repair: removal of single ribonucleotide misincorporated into DNA in collaboration with RNase H2