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α-MnO 2  nanotubes were fabricated using a hydrothermal technique. Li, Na and K ions were introduced into MnO 2  nanotubes to tailor their magnetic properties. It was found that with a doping concentration lower than 12 at%, the nanotubes showed ferromagnetic-like ordering at low temperature (<50 K), while antiferromagnetic coupling dominated their physical behavior with doping concentrations beyond 12 at%. Such experimental phenomenon was in very good agreement with associated first principle calculations. The ferromagnetic-like ordering originates from the breaking of equivalence between two different Mn-O octahedrals in α-MnO 2  due to the filling of alkaline ions in the tunnels. Both small charge transfer and lattice distortion play important roles in the ferromagnetic ordering.

Magnetic properties in α-MnO2 doped with alkaline elements