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A DNA barcode is a DNA fragment used to identify species. For land plants, DNA fragments of plastid genome could be the primary consideration. Unfortunately, most of the plastid candidate barcodes lack species-level resolution. The identification of DNA barcodes of high resolution at species level is critical to the success of DNA barcoding in plants. We searched the available plastid genomes for the most variable regions and tested the best candidates using both a large number of tree species and seven well-sampled plant groups. Two regions of the plastid gene  ycf1 ,  ycf1 a and  ycf1 b, were the most variable loci that were better than existing plastid candidate barcodes and can serve as a barcode of land plants. Primers were designed for the amplification of these regions, and the PCR success of these primers ranged from 82.80% to 98.17%. Of 420 tree species, 357 species could be distinguished using  ycf1 b, which was slightly better than the combination of  matK  and  rbcL . For the well-sampled representative plant groups,  ycf1 b generally performed better than any of the  matK ,  rbcL  and  trnH-psbA . We concluded that  ycf1 a or  ycf1 b is the most variable plastid genome region and can serve as a core barcode of land plants.

ycf1, the most promising plastid DNA barcode of land plants