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Cu 0  nanoparticles were deposited on a nanoporous polymer to develop a novel nanocatalyst (Cu-B) for carrying out Ullmann coupling of aryl halides with amines in water. Non-aqueous polymerization of a mixture of divinylbenzene and acrylic acid under hydrothermal conditions followed by the deposition of Cu 0  nanoparticles were adopted to afford the Cu-B nanocatalyst. In order to compare the catalytic activity of the Cu-B nanocatalyst in the Ullmann coupling reactions, another nanocatalyst, Cu 0  nanoparticle-loaded porous carbon (Cu-A), was also prepared. All the newly developed Cu 0  nanoparticle-based nanocatalysts were thoroughly characterized using several characterization techniques. The Ullmann coupling reactions were carried out in water only with 1.35 mol% loading of Cu as catalytically active sites in Cu-B. The Cu-B nanocatalyst exhibited higher catalytic activity as compared with Cu-A, and also showed a good catalytic recyclability with a high consistence in the catalytic activity. No Cu leaching from the nanocatalyst surface and the smooth nanocatalyst recovery confirm the true heterogeneity in these catalytic reactions.

Cu0 Nanoparticles Deposited on Nanoporous Polymers: A Recyclable Heterogeneous Nanocatalyst for Ullmann Coupling of Aryl Halides with Amines in Water