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Wheat is one of the most important food crops in the world, its availability affects global food security. In this study, we investigated variations in NH 4  +  and NO 3  -  fluxes in the fine roots of wheat using a scanning ion-selective electrode technique in the presence of different nitrogen (N) forms, N concentrations, and pH levels as well as under water stress. Our results show that the fine roots of wheat demonstrated maximum NH 4  +  and NO 3  −  influxes at 20 mm and 25 mm from the root tip, respectively. The maximal net NH 4  +  and NO 3  −  influxes were observed at pH 6.2 in the presence of a 1/4 N solution. We observed N efflux in two different cultivars following the exposure of roots to a 10% PEG-6000 solution. Furthermore, the drought-tolerant cultivar generally performed better than the drought-intolerant cultivar. Net NH 4  +  and NO 3  −  fluxes may be determined by plant growth status, but environmental conditions can also affect the magnitude and direction of N flux. Interestingly, we found that NO 3  −  was more sensitive to environmental changes than NH 4  + . Our results may be used to guide future hydroponic experiments in wheat as well as to aid in the development of effective fertilisation protocols for this crop.

Net ammonium and nitrate fluxes in wheat roots under different environmental conditions as assessed by scanning ion-selective electrode technique