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Observations have reported a widespread dimming of surface incident solar radiation ( R s  ) from the 1950s to the 1980s and a brightening afterwards. However, none of the state-of-the-art earth system models, including those from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5), could successfully reproduce the dimming/brightening rates over China. We find that the decadal variability of observed  R s   may have important errors due to instrument sensitivity drifting and instrument replacement. While sunshine duration (SunDu), which is a robust measurement related to  R s  , is nearly free from these problems. We estimate  R s   from SunDu with a method calibrated by the observed  R s   at each station. SunDu-derived  R s   declined over China by −2.8 (with a 95% confidence interval of −1.9 to −3.7) W m −2  per decade from 1960 to 1989, while the observed  R s   declined by −8.5 (with a 95% confidence interval of −7.3 to −9.8) W m −2  per decade. The former trend was duplicated by some high-quality CMIP5 models, but none reproduced the latter trend.

Measurement Biases Explain Discrepancies between the Observed and Simulated Decadal Variability of Surface Incident Solar Radiation