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The intra atomic magnetic dipole moment   frequently called Tz term   plays an important role in the determination of spin magnetic moments by x ray absorption spectroscopy for systems with non spherical spin density distributions. In this work, we present the dipole moment as a sensitive monitor to changes in the electronic structure in the vicinity of a phase transiton. In particular, we studied the dipole moment at the Fe  2   and Fe  3   sites of magnetite as an indicator for the Verwey transition by a combination of x ray magnetic circular dichroism and density functional theory. Our experimental results prove that there exists a local change in the electronic structure at temperatures above the Verwey transition correlated to the known spin reorientation. Furthermore, it is shown that measurement of the dipole moment is a powerful tool to observe this transition in small magnetite nanoparticles for which it is usually screened by blocking effects in classical magnetometr

The dipole moment of the spin density as a local indicator for phase transitions