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Microstructures in nature are ultrafine and ordered in biological roles, which have attracted material scientists.  Spirulina  forms three-dimensional helical microstructure, one of remarkable features in nature beyond our current processing technology such as lithography in terms of mass-productivity and structural multiplicity.  Spirulina  varies its diameter, helical pitch, and/or length against growing environment. This unique helix is suggestive of a tiny electromagnetic coil, if composed of electro-conductive metal, which brought us main concept of this work. Here, we describe the biotemplating process onto  Spirulina  surface to fabricate metal microcoils. Structural parameters of the microcoil can be controlled by the cultivation conditions of  Spirulina  template and also purely one-handed microcoil can be fabricated. A microcoil dispersion sheet exhibited optically active response attributed to structural resonance in terahertz-wave region.

Spirulina-Templated Metal Microcoils with Controlled Helical Structures for THz Electromagnetic Responses